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Background: Primary brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Increasing evidence demonstrates diverse intratumoral immune signatures, which are tentatively reflected in peripheral blood. Procedure: Twenty cytokines were analyzed in preoperative plasma samples from five healthy children and 45 children with brain tumors, using a multiplex platform (MesoScale Discovery V-PLEX®). Tu

BACKGROUND: Employment is central to recovery in schizophrenia, but little attention has been paid to its relationship with cognitive functioning. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study adds to the knowledge base of relationships between cognitive functioning and gaining competitive employment, work hours per week, and monthly income among people with schizophrenia in vocational rehabilitation. It

Background & Aims: BCAT1 initiates the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. Here, we investigated the function of BCAT1 and its transcriptional regulatory mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: RNASeq was used to evaluate BCAT1 mRNA levels in HCC and normal matched specimens. After the exogenous expression of BCAT1 in BEL-7404 cells and the suppression of endogenous BCAT1 e

We propose a general framework for determining the extent of measurement error bias in OLS and IV estimators of linear models, while allowing for measurement error in the validation source. We apply this method by validating Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data with Danish administrative registers.Contrary to most validation studies, we find measurement error in income is

We analysed whole-genome sequences of 560 breast cancers to advance understanding of the driver mutations conferring clonal advantage and the mutational processes generating somatic mutations. We found that 93 protein-coding cancer genes carried probable driver mutations. Some non-coding regions exhibited high mutation frequencies, but most have distinctive structural features probably causing ele

Transcriptional profiling of lung adenocarcinomas has identified numerous gene expression phenotype (GEP) and risk prediction (RP) signatures associated with patient outcome. However, classification agreement between signatures, underlying transcriptional programs, and independent signature validation are less studied. We classified 2395 transcriptional adenocarcinoma profiles, assembled from 17 p

Pulmonary diseases are known to be largely inhomogeneous. To evaluate such inhomogeneities, we are testing an image-based method to measure gas flow in the lung regionally. Dynamic, spin-density-weighted hyperpolarized (3)He MR images performed during slow inhalation of this gas were analyzed to quantify regional inflation rate. This parameter was measured in regions of interest (ROIs) that were d

In preclinical research, allergic asthma is investigated in rats sensitised with the antigen ovalbumin (OVA), followed by a challenge with aerosolised OVA to induce an inflammatory reaction of the lower airways. This causes diffuse, nonfocal ventilation defects that lead to heterogeneously distributed signal intensities in hyperpolarised (HP) (3)He MR images, which are difficult to assess directly

We have developed over the past years an experimental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and polarized gases compatible mechanical respirator for the study of the small experimental animal. The respirator has been successfully used for experiments both in the MRI setting for polarized (3)He, (19)F, and proton imaging as well as for functional measurements of the lungs. The new main pneumatic valve w

INTRODUCTION: Proton (¹H ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be utilized to quantify pulmonary edema in endotoxin-induced pulmonary inflammation and hyperpolarized (HP) ³He MRI can assess pulmonary ventilation. Neither of the methods has been applied to assess the impact of a drug on endotoxin-induced pulmonary inflammation in vivo. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the capability of

PURPOSE: To evaluate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in mouse with (1)H and hyperpolarized (HP) (3)He MR imaging.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Axial slices of the lung volume were acquired with HP (3)He and (1)H MRI at 4, 24, and 48 h after LPS exposure. A quantitative ventilation index was calculated from two HP (3)He acquisitions. A bronchoalveolar lav

The aim of this study was to investigate if a rapid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening protocol (<5min/mouse) could characterize colonic inflammation in a chronic experimental colitis model. No respiratory triggering or spasmolytic agent was used during MRI-acquisition. Biomarkers assessed in vivo were colon wall thickness and T2w signal intensity (reflecting oedema) and ex vivo inflammato

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether MRI signal and T2* measurements of lung tissue acquired at ultrashort detection times (tds) can detect emphysematous changes in lungs.MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR signal intensity of in vivo mouse lungs was measured at 4.7 T at tds of 0.2 and 0.4 msec using single-point imaging (SPI). T2* was calculated from the measurements obtained at the two tds. Two groups of 8- and 3

PURPOSE: To develop a multiplanar magnetic resonance temperature imaging (MRTI) technique based on interleaved gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (EPI), verify in phantom, develop software tools to process and display data on a clinical scanner in near real-time, and demonstrate feasibility to monitor ultrasound thermal ablation therapy in vivo.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Temperature estimation used com

The influence of flip angle and flow velocity on the signal intensity achieved when imaging a hyperpolarized substance with a spoiled gradient echo sequence was investigated. The study was performed both theoretically and experimentally using hyperpolarized xenon dissolved in ethanol. Analytical expressions regarding the optimal flip angle with respect to signal and the corresponding signal level

PURPOSE: The feasibility of hyperpolarized 129Xe for fast MR angiography (MRA) was evaluated using the echo-planar imaging (EPI) technique.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hyperpolarized Xe gas was dissolved in ethanol, a carrier agent with high solubility for Xe (Ostwald solubility coefficient 2.5) and long relaxation times. The dissolved Xe was injected as a bolus into a flow phantom where the mean flow ve

PURPOSE: To study the feasibility of an interleaved gradient-echo, echo-planar imaging (iGE-EPI) sequence for multiplanar magnetic resonance temperature imaging (MRTI) to monitor intracerebral thermal treatment three-dimensionally using multielement ultrasound applicators.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) fragments were injected into the right cerebral hemisphere of five do

In 3-D contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the lower extremities the goal is most often to enhance arterial structures while keeping veins and surrounding tissue unenhanced. Imaging during steady-state concentration of a blood pool agent or during poor timing of an extra-cellular contrast medium may result in simultaneous venous enhancement, making interpretation of the angiog

PURPOSE: To evaluate MRI-based techniques for visual guidance, thermal monitoring, and assessment during transurethral ultrasound thermal therapy of implanted tumors in an in vivo canine prostate model.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) were grown in the right lobe of the prostate in four dogs. High-temperature thermal therapy was selectively applied to the tumor-bearing lo