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Popular Abstract in Swedish Kraven på bränslesnåla och rena motorer har ökat under de senaste åren. Det började med att priset på olja steg kraftigt i början av 2000-talet. Kraven växte sedan ytterligare i kölvattnet av debatten kring växthuseffekten där koldioxid, en av de dominerande produkterna vid förbränning, spelar huvudrollen. Med tanke på att sänkt bränsleförbrukning rör både ekonomiska ocIn the last decade diesel combustion has developed in a new direction. Research has been carried out trying to prolong the ignition delay and enhance fuel/air premixing to avoid diffusion combustion as well as lowering the combustion temperature through use of EGR. One of these new combustion concepts is Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC). PPC is aimed to provide combustion with low smoke and NOx

Maturation stage ameloblasts of rodents express vacuolar type-H-ATPase in the ruffled border of their plasma membrane in contact with forming dental enamel, similar to osteoclasts that resorb bone. It has been proposed that in ameloblasts this v-H-ATPase acts as proton pump to acidify the enamel space, required to complete enamel mineralization. To examine whether this v-H-ATPase in mouse amelobla

A recursion for sequences of spectra of truncated as well as tailbitten convolutional codes and their duals is derived. The order of this recursion is shown to be less than or equal to the rank of the weight adjacency matrix (WAM) for the minimal encoder of the convolutional code. It is sufficient to know finitely many spectra of these terminated convolutional codes in order to obtain an infinitel

Crystallization of amorphous Y67Fe33 into the YFe2 C15 Laves phase via a novel 'YFe' intermediate phase has been observed through to completion using time-resolved small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The nucleation and growth kinetics of the phase transformations have been studied at annealing temperatures below the crystallization temperatures for both the 'YFe' phase and the YFe2 phase. The S

In the year 2000, the alcohol habits of 1460 Swedish university students living in residence halls were assessed. The students had a mean age of 23.8 years, and 64% were male. The results from this baseline assessment show that the mean AUDIT score (± sd) was 10.3 ± 5.2 for males and 8.1 ± 4.7 for females. AUDIT stands for Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and is used world-wide to assess

To investigate the reproducibility of thermal thresholds, as measured by repeated quantitative sensory testing (QST) in healthy controls, and to asses if temperature sensitivity differs between healthy controls and a cohort of patients with persistent pain.

OBJECTIVES: Deteriorating ward patients are at increased risk. Electronic automated advisory vital signs monitors may help identify such patients and improve their outcomes. SETTING: A total of 349 beds, in 12 general wards in ten hospitals in the United States, Europe, and Australia. PATIENTS: Cohort of 18,305 patients. DESIGN: Before-and-after controlled trial. INTERVENTION: We deployed

Mouse apolipoprotein M (m-apoM) displays a 79% sequence identity to human apolipoprotein M (h-apoM). Both proteins are apolipoproteins associated with high-density lipoproteins, with similar anticipated biological functions. The structure of h-apoM has recently been determined by X-ray crystallography, which revealed that h-apoM displays, as expected, a lipocalin-like fold characterized by an eigh

Background: PhiC31 integrase facilitates efficient integration of transgenes into human and mouse genomes and is considered for clinical gene therapy. However recent studies have shown that the enzyme can induce various chromosomal abnormalities in primary human embryonic cells and mammalian cell lines. The mechanisms involved are unknown, but it has been proposed that PhiC31 attachment sites in t

The negative impacts of surface ozone (O(3)) on vegetation are determined by external exposure, leaf gas exchange and plant antioxidant defence capacity, all dependent on climate and CO(2) concentrations. In this study the influence of climate change on simulated stomatal O(3) uptake of a generic crop and a generic deciduous tree at ten European sites was investigated, using the LRTAP Mapping Manu

Mazo, in 1975, showed that the signaling rate of a linear modulation can be significantly higher than the maximum rate for orthogonal signaling without any loss of minimum square Euclidean distance. In subsequent literature the highest such rate is referred to as the Mazo-limit. In this letter we ask whether there exists a Mazo-limit also on MIMO channels. The answer is yes, but it applies to the

So far, studies on dietary antioxidant intake, including beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E, and breast cancer risk are inconclusive. Thus, we addressed this question in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. During a median follow-up time of 8.8 years, 7,502 primary invasive breast cancer cases were identified. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate ha

We present calculations of elliptic flow and azimuthal dependence of correlation radii in the ellipsoidally symmetric generalization of the Buda-Lund hydrodynamic model of hadron production in high-energy nuclear collisions. We compare them to data from RHIC by simultaneous fits to azimuthally integrated invariant spectra of pions, kaons and protons-antiprotons measured by PHENIX in Au + Au reacti

Objective. This study investigated the importance of the therapeutic alliance in a routine psychiatric out-patient unit regarding treatment outcome and the influence of patient factors. Design. The study had a naturalistic and longitudinal design where the treatments the patient received were determined by the normal routines at the unit and were performed by a variety of staff representative of a

The infrared spectrum of water, isolated in inert matrices, has been studied in the interval from 60 to 4000 cm(-1). Experiments with partially deuterated water combined with DFT (density functional theory) calculations have been used to investigate the structure of matrix-isolated water tetramer. A few, strong intermolecular fundamentals of the water tetramer have been observed. Mid-infrared band

The aim of this single-site, open-label clinical trial was to determine the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, absorbed doses, and safety from 2 sequential weight-based administrations of Ra-223-dichloride in patients with bone metastases due to castration-refractory prostate cancer. Methods: Six patients received 2 intravenous injections of Ra-223-dichloride, 6 wk apart, at 100 kBq/kg of whole-bo

The pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) uses the acetate or propionate of (2S,3S,7S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol (diprionol) as pheromone components, with the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer being antagonistic, synergistic, or inactive according to the population tested. In this study, we tested the attraction of males to the acetates of three analogs of diprionol, each missing one methyl group, viz. (2S

Biomolecular motor systems are attractive for future nanotechnological devices because they can replace nanofluidics by directed transport. However, the lack of methods to externally control motor-driven transport along complex paths limits their range of applications. Based on a thermo-responsive polymer, we developed a novel technique to guide microtubules propelled by kinesin-1 motors on a plan

Purpose: To report on the retinal function and structure in a 37-year-old male who presented with a tapetal-like reflex (TLR) indistinguishable from that seen in female carriers of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). Methods: Clinical examination included dark adaptometry, full-field electroretinography (ERG), multifocal ERG, optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence photography.

Aims. To compare care recipients' and their relatives' perceptions of quality of care in nursing homes and home-based care. Background. Older people care is increasingly being provided in community care facilities and private homes instead of hospitals. A few studies have compared care recipients' and relatives' perceptions of care quality in nursing homes as opposed to home-based care. Design. Cr