4MOST,1 the 4m Multi-Object spectrographic Survey Telescope, is an upcoming optical, fiber-fed, MOS facility for the VISTA telescope at ESO's Cero Paranal Observatory (Chile). The preliminary design of 4MOST features 2,400 fibers split into a low-resolution (1,600 fibers, 390-900 nm, R > 5; 000) and a high-resolution channel (800 fibers, three arms, ∼20-25 nm coverage each, R > 18; 000) with an Ec

This study found that two casein hydrolysate formulas varying in composition were equally effective in managing colicky symptoms associated with protein sensitivity. Both hydrolysate formulas were associated with a significant, comparable reduction in crying duration and intensity from baseline in 15 of 22 infants with complete data. Subsequent challenge data suggest that the population studied we

Motivated by the large number of solutions obtained when applying bifurcation algorithms to the Ornstein-Zernike (OZ) equation with the hypernetted chain (HNC) closure from liquid state theory, we provide existence and bifurcation results for a computationally-motivated version of the problem. We first establish the natural result that if the potential satisfies a short-range condition then a low-

The asymptotic states of numerical methods for initial value problems are examined. In particular, spurious steady solutions, solutions with period 2 in the timestep, and spurious invariant curves are studied. A numerical method is considered as a dynamical system parameterised by the timestep h. It is shown that the three-kinds of spurious solutions can bifurcate from genuine steady solutions of

Natural resources, especially energy resources, are often considered vital to the process of economic development, with the availability of coal considered central for the nineteenth century. Clearly, however, although coal might have spurred economic development, development might also have spurred the discovery and use of coal. To shed light on this, we suggest that the case of resource-poor Den

The bacterium Wolbachia infects many insect species and spreads by diverse vertical and horizontal means. As co-inherited organisms, these bacteria often cause problems in mitochondrial phylogeny inference. The phylogenetic relationships of many closely related Palaearctic blue butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae) are ambiguous. We considered the patterns of Wolbachia infection and

BACKGROUND: Germinal matrix intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is associated with deposition of redox active cell-free hemoglobin (Hb), derived from hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in the cerebrum and cerebellum. In a recent study, using a preterm rabbit pup model of IVH, intraventricularly administered haptoglobin (Hp), a cell-free Hb scavenger, partially reversed the damaging effects ob

Importance: Lack of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) after extremely preterm birth may contribute to preterm morbidity, including retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Objective: To determine whether enteral supplementation with fatty acids from birth to 40 weeks' postmenstrual age reduces ROP in extremely preterm infants.Design, Setting, and Participants: The Mega Donna Mega trial,

We study the codimension-one and -two bifurcations of the Ornstein-Zernike equation with hypernetted chain (HNC) closure with Lennard-Jones intermolecular interaction potential. The main purpose of the paper is to present the results of a numerical study undertaken using a suite of algorithms implemented in MATLAB and based on pseudo arc-length continuation for the codimension-one case and a Newto

The dynamic response of the vibrating structures are studied with the standard finite element method against the more computationally efficient spectral finite element method. First a simple beam structure is modelled with the standard method and newly developed spectral elements; which has the advantage that dispersion relations for all beam structures may be developed. Some numerical examples ar

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in prefigurative politics, which refers to the political strategies that model a future society on a micro level and aim to instantiate radical social change in and through practice. While most previous studies have focused on defining the concept and categorizing various types of prefiguration, this paper contributes by investigating under what circumsta

Background: Distal radius fractures can adversely affect wrist function; for men with this fracture, the role played by fracture severity, age and osteoporosis on fracture outcome has not been sufficiently studied. Objective: To describe patient-reported outcome and the association with bone integrity, fracture severity and future fracture risk among young and older men with distal radius fracture

The pharmaceutical and healthcare sector is a prime target for cybercriminals around the world. These cyber-attacks represent significant challenges in the context of data protection and data security. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes strict rules regarding the processing and analysis of personal data. In conventional approaches, data analysts request data from various sources

Sweden has witnessed an increase in the rates of sexual crimes including rape. Knowledge of who the offenders of these crimes are is therefore of importance for prevention. We aimed to study characteristics of individuals convicted of rape, aggravated rape, attempted rape or attempted aggravated rape (abbreviated rape+), against a woman ≥18 years of age, in Sweden. By using information from the Sw

Developing organisms typically mature earlier and at larger sizes in favorable growth conditions, while in rarer cases, maturity is delayed. The rarer reaction norm is easily accommodated by general life history models, whereas the common pattern is not. Theory suggests that a solution to this paradox lies in the existence of critical size thresholds at which maturation or metamorphosis can commen

Agricultural land use is a major driver of biodiversity losses and changes in ecosystem services. Thus, for the sake of both humans and wild organism per se, effective strategies that enable both agricultural production and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services are urgently needed. Such strategies can be divided into those that reduce the intensity of farming in general (such as orga