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Thermodynamic analogies have previously been invoked to interpret the temperature- and pressure-dependent electronic levels in a semiconductor as standard Gibbs free energies. In this paper it is shown by means of statistical mechanical arguments using the pressure ensemble that standard Gibbs free energies are the quantities determining equilibrium occupations of electronic levels and hence are t
Introduction It is known that suspended particles are affected by radiation forces when exposed to ultrasound. Suspended particles are gathered in the pressure nodal or pressure anti-nodal planes of an ultrasonic standing wave field depending on the density and compressibility of the particles and the medium. By combining this effect with laminar flow in a silicon micro channel different particle
This conference paper discusses Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House as a part of women's liberation movement.
As prices for so-called urban art (a term often used to describe the studio work of artists associated with the street art world) have risen over the last decade, the removal of and trading in actual street artworks has become increasingly widespread. This paper discusses what happens to ephemeral, often site specific, artworks when they are taken from the street and put on the art market. Many
The current status of the software package PHASE for the propagation of coherent light pulses along a synchrotron radiation beamline is presented. PHASE is based on an asymptotic expansion of the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral (stationary phase approximation) which is usually truncated at the 2nd order. The limits of this approximation as well as possible extensions to higher orders are discussed. The
The paper presents a fermentation technique, which combines the advantages of the probing feeding strategy and the temperature limited fed-batch technique. The early phase of the cultivation is run under glucose limited conditions by using the original probing technique. When the maximum oxygen transfer capacity of the reactor is reached, the temperature is decreased to lower the oxygen demand. A
