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Primary headaches are one of the most common conditions; migraine being most prevalent. Recent work on the pathophysiology of migraine suggests a mismatch in the communication or tuning of the trigeminovascular system, leading to sensitization and the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In the current Opinion, we use the up-to-date molecular understanding of mechanisms behind migrai
The resurgence of radical and populist parties has stimulated renewed discussions about the resilience of parliamentary democracy in Europe. This work contributes to this debate by analysing the extent to which positive parliamentarism, the prime minister’s parliamentary dissolution powers, the government’s power to table votes of confidence and the majority requirements for votes of no confidence
Increasing demand for detecting single molecules in challenging environments has raised the bar for the fluorophores used. To achieve better resolution and/or contrast in fluorescence microscopy, it is now essential to use bright and stable dyes with tailored photophysical properties. While long fluorescence lifetime fluorophores offer many advantages in time-resolved imaging, their inherently low
Gliomas are the most common intracranial primary tumors, for which very few therapeutic options are available. The most malignant subtype is the glioblastoma, a disease associated with a 5-year survival rate lower than 5%. Given that research in glycobiology continues highlighting the role of glycans in tumor cell biology, it offers an interesting niche for the search of new therapeutic targets. I
The transition of free-living organisms to parasitic organisms is a mysterious process that occurs in all major eukaryotic lineages. Parasites display seemingly unique features associated with their pathogenicity; however, it is important to distinguish ancestral preconditions to parasitism from truly new parasite-specific functions. Here, we sequenced the genome and transcriptome of anaerobic fre
In this article we describe the system of point vortices, derived by Helmholtz from the Euler equation, and their associated Gibbs measures. We discuss solution concepts and available results for systems of point vortices with deterministic and random circulations, and further generalizations of the point vortex model.
We analyze a semidiscrete scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard equation in one space dimension, when the interface length parameter is equal to zero. We prove convergence of the scheme for a suitable class of initial data, and we identify the limit equation. We also characterize the long-time behavior of the limit solutions.
We study the convergence of a semidiscrete scheme for the forward-backward parabolic equation ut = (W?(ux))x with periodic boundary conditions in one space dimension, where W is a standard double-well potential. We characterize the equation satised by the limit of the discretized solutions as the grid size goes to zero. Using an approximation argument, we show that it is possible to flow initial d
We describe the macroscopic behaviour of a particle system with long-range interactions. We describe conditions on the interaction strength in dependency of the distance of the particles, such that the scaling limit of the particle system is a well-posed stochastic PDE.
We study an optimization problem with SPDE constraints, which has the peculiarity that the control parameter s is the s-th power of the diffusion operator in the state equation. Well-posedness of the state equation and differentiability properties with respect to the fractional parameter s are established. We show that under certain conditions on the noise, optimality conditions for the control pr
Solar cells incorporating metal-halide perovskite (MHP) semiconductors are continuing to break efficiency records for solution-processed solar cell devices. Scaling MHP-based devices to larger area prototypes requires the development and optimization of scalable process technology and ink formulations that enable reproducible coating results. It is demonstrated that the power conversion efficiency
With the help of operator-theoretic methods, we derive new and powerful criteria for finiteness of the uniton number for a harmonic map from a Riemann surface to the unitary group U(n). These use the Grassmannian model where harmonic maps are represented by families of shift-invariant subspaces of L2(S1, Cn) ; we give a new description of that model.
This article investigates whether governing parties strategically time austerity policies to help them win re-election. It contributes to existing research by focusing directly on government policy output, analyzing over 1,200 welfare and taxation austerity measures in thirteen Western European countries over twenty years. In line with previous research, the authors find that governments become le
BACKGROUND: The filaggrin protein is important for skin barrier structure and function. Loss-of-function (null) mutations in the filaggrin gene FLG may increase dermal absorption of chemicals. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to clarify if dermal absorption of chemicals differs depending on FLG genotype. METHOD: We performed a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based
An ECG risk-score has been described that predicts high risk of subsequent cardiac arrest in young patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Myocardial fibrosis measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) also affects prognosis. We assessed whether an ECG risk-score could be used as an indicator of myocardial fibrosis or perfusion deficit on CMR in HCM. In
Dissociation of water molecules after soft X-ray absorption can yield neutral fragments in high-Rydberg (HR) states. We have studied the production of such fragments by field ionization and ion time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometry. Neutral HR fragments are created at all resonances below the O 1s ionization potential (IP) and particularly within 1 eV above the O 1s IP. The latter effect is due to the
Motivationk–Top Scoring Pairs (kTSP) algorithms utilize in-sample gene expression feature pair rules for class prediction, and have demonstrated excellent performance and robustness. The available packages and tools primarily focus on binary prediction (i.e. two classes). However, many real-world classification problems e.g., tumor subtype prediction, are multiclass tasks.ResultsHere, we present m
Climate change and human activities influence the development of ecosystems, with human demand of ecosystem services altering both land use and land cover. Fossil pollen records provide time series of vegetation characteristics, and the aim of this study was to create spatially continuous reconstructions of land cover through the Holocene in southern Sweden. The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm
