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The purpose of this thesis was to understand the development and current position of people of a third gender in India, Hijras, against the background of Hindi religion. Specifically, I examined the situation of Hijras in relation to India’s official human rights commitments. Based mostly on anthropological and religious sources, I described the historical background and traditions of Hijras in In

Tron på den liberala freden och dess mekanismer att skapa säkerhet, demokrati och ökade rättigheter är väldigt stark i nuläget, trots flera studier som motsäger detta. Då den var en del av den amerikanska politiska retoriken för att legitimera den militära interventionen av Afghanistan år 2001kan vi idag se ett av den liberala fredsbyggandeteorins bakslag. Situationen i landet är inte bättre utan

9/11 2001 changed the world forever. A new era of war was introduced to the world through the Bush administration’s “War on Terror”. With this war, President Bush aimed high when he expressed his goal with the war which was, get rid of all terrorists in the world. A pretty ambitions goal one might think, but he got right down to business and created a high-risc detention center at the naval base G

Verbal forms of communication seem to still be that dominant that other forms of expression are far from obvious to use. This study is based on interviews with ten caregivers whose work is governed by the Law on Support and Service for People with Certain Functional Impairments (LSS). In their daily work at group homes or in day service, they meet people with intellectual disabilities who mainly r

This thesis is constructed as a comparative study of the concept child labor between England during the Industrial revolution and Brazil a country that has gone through a similar Industrial development as England but at a later stage. The purpose of this comparative study between these two countries is to examine if it is possible to draw parallels between the Industrial England and the later deve

During the Cold War days, neo-realism was strong with its claim that foreign policy only could be characterized by self-interest and power-maximizing. The theory was dominating the field of international relations theory during the war's most intense days. However, new elements seem to have appeared thrown into the international politics since the dismantling of Berlin Wall. So, will neo-reali

Sammanfattning Examensarbetets titel: Estimering av illikviditetsrabatter Seminariedatum: 2011-06-03 Ämne/kurs: FEKK01, Examensarbete kandidatnivå, 15 Hp Författare: Robert Johansson och Harald Karlsson Handledare: Tore Eriksson Nyckelord: Alternativa Aktiemarknaden, Aktietorget, OMX Small Cap, Illikviditetsrabatter, likviditet, illikviditet Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka i vilken mån illikviditet

This essay analyses whether agency affects adults and children’s human rights in the law of Swedish elementary school and educational system. It’s done by an analysis of relevant human rights legislative that is aimed to be implemented in the educational system and the Swedish school law. Human rights also need to meet the right to agency set forth in the convention on the rights of the child, art

This study is based on the final report of the state investigation "Girls, boys, and individuals-on the importance of equal opportunities for knowledge and development in schools" (SOU: 2010:99) In this final report, published in January 2011 pronounced a need for practical methods for promoting gender equality among adolescents. This study wants to highlight the possibilities of a child

Purpose: To estimate and compare normal tissue toxicity and secondary cancer (SC) risks from 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT), arc radiotherapy (ART) and intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma (MB). The purpose was also to investigate the possibility of optimizing radiotherapy treatment with the aim of reducing normal tissue toxicity as well as the r

Under vissa typer av operationer, till exempel då kärlen kring hjärtat opereras, använder sig läkare av en speciell typ av röntgenmaskin för att orientera sig inuti kroppen, så kallad genomlysning. För att undgå att öppna upp bröstkorgen på patienten går läkarna in med små verktyg i kärlen via ljumskarna och upp till hjärtat. Eftersom läkarna står så nära patienten träffar en del av strålningen de"Background: Cataract (opacity of the lens of the eye) has always been thought of as a deterministic effect. That is, that there is a threshold dose below which damage does not occur. However, recent studies suggest a lower threshold and the question whether there is any threshold at all has been raised. One situation that leads to special concern, if this turns out to be the case, is during

En mycket vanlig behandlingsteknik vid cancer är strålbehandling. Tekniken har utvecklats snabbt de senaste åren och idag uppnås millimeterprecision för många behandlingsområden. Därmed har behovet av att kunna kompensera för rörelser under behandlingen ökat. I detta arbete undersöktes möjligheten att låta strålgången följa tumören med en teknik som kallas MLC-tracking. Strålbehandling började a"Purpose: To investigate the geometric accuracy of MLC-tracking using a circular field, and to investigate the dosimetric accuracy for inversely optimized arc delivery to a moving target. This is done for two different MLCs and for varying plan complexity. Materials and methods: For investigating the geometric accuracy, a marker was placed on a motion platform while the MLC set to shape a ci

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has during the recent years become a frequently used technique in radiotherapy. Lately IMRT has also been combined with rotational beam delivery, with a simultaneously moving couch, a technique called tomotherapy. The great benefit with this treatment method is the ability to give highly conformal treatments, with high dose to the tumour, while sparing

The aim of this master thesis was to develop a rotation-based collimation system for large coaxial high-purity germanium detectors for use in intense radiation fields. A collimator was constructedformed as a cylinder surrounding the detector, with a 90° slit opening to the detector. The rotational asymmetry caused by the slit was used to trace the direction of the incident gamma rays as well as re

A new method to extract mass density and elemental compositions of tissues from dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) scans is described and investigated. The method decomposes a tissue into proportions of two or three predened base materials and was proposed in 2008 by a research team at Linkoping University. Informations of tissue parameters may be important in radiation treatment planning to c

When doing mobile gamma-spectrometry the equipment has for severaldecades been limited to NaI(Tl) and Ge-based detectors. Recent developements has led to a possible replacement of NaI(Tl)-based systems in the form of a new scintillation material: LaBr3:Ce (cerium doped lanthanum bromide). LaBr3:Ce-detectors successfully compete with NaI(Tl)-based detectors when considering resolution, efficiency,

Syftet med denna studie är att utreda möjligheterna för Öresundskraft AB att utvinna marin förnyelsebar energi från norra Öresund. Studien genomförs i två delar där Öresunds fysikaliska egenskaper samt marina krafttekniker kartläggs i den första för att sedan analysera den möjliga miljöpåverkan från de alternativen som kan vara intressanta i Öresund. De marina energitekniker som studerades var OTEThe purpose of this study is to determine the possibilities for Öresundskraft AB to derive marine renewable energy from northern Öresund, the sound between Sweden and Denmark. The physical properties of the sound, such as temperature, current speed, wave height, salinity gradients, bathymetry, are researched as well as which technologies are present in the current marine renewable energy market. T

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Modern kommunikationsteknologi genererar dataset som kan hjälpa samhällsvetenskapen att förstå hur vi kommunicerar: när vi skickar meddelanden, till vilka och hur vi organiserar våra sociala nätverk på nätet. Storleken på kommunikationsdataset gör att man måste an-vända enkla mekanistiska modeller av samma typ som förekommer i statistisk fysik för att förstå desWe investigate an online community where people meet and communicate in forms of discussions or sending messages to each other. We try to see the big picture of communications and social activities by network analysis. Specifically, in this social network, there are two modes of communications. Either a user can reply to others in a public forum in such a way that we see who comments on whom; or t

Detta arbete handlar om att utveckla och förbättra en försöksuppställning som kan mäta laserinducerad fosforescens både spektralt och tidsupplöst. Ämnet som emitterar fosforescensen befinner sig i en kalibreringsugn som kan värmas till olika temperaturer vilket möjliggör studier av irreversibla åldringsprocesser i ämnet som funktion av temperatur och tid. Fosforescens är den långa efterglöd som fo