The reflectivity spectrum in Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is investigated by replacing High Contrast Grating (HCG) layer instead of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) as a top mirror. In addition, the scalability feature in the HCG layer is used to design a reflector for λ = 1;300 nm. High reflectivity (>99%) mirrors in VCSELs are mandatory because of the short gain length. In

In the present work, an experimental investigation of convective heat transfer and pressure drop was carried out for the turning portion of a U-channel where the outer wall was equipped with ribs. The shape of the ribs was varied. The investigation aims to give guidelines for improving the thermo-hydraulic performance of a solar air heater at the turning portion of a U-channel. Both the U-channel

Objective: To evaluate the additive value of the prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) urine test to serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer (PC) screening among breast cancer, early-onset gene (BRCA) mutation carriers. This study was performed among the Dutch participants of IMPACT, a large international study on the effectiveness of PSA screening among BRCA mutation carriers. Materials

The advances in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) over the last decade have led to a transplant-related mortality below 15%. Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD) is a life-threatening complication of HCT that belongs to a group of diseases increasingly identified as transplant-related, systemic endothelial diseases. In most cases, SOS/VOD resolves within

In this Letter, we have investigated 845 nm lasing generation in atomic oxygen, present in a lean methane-air flame, using two-photon pumping with femtosecond 226 nm laser pulses, particularly focusing on the impact of nanosecond repetitively pulsed glow discharges forcing on the backward lasing signal. Characterizations of the backward lasing pulse, in terms of its spectrum, beam profile, pump pu

Natural proteins must both fold into a stable conformation and exert their molecular function. To date, computational design has successfully produced stable and atomically accurate proteins by using so-called “ideal” folds rich in regular secondary structures and almost devoid of loops and destabilizing elements, such as cavities. Molecular function, such as binding and catalysis, however, often

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally. In Jordan, it is the number one cancer among men and the second most common cancer among women, accounting for 15% and 9.4% respectively of all male and female diagnosed cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions about colorectal cancer risk factors, signs and symptoms in Jordan and to provide us

Whey protein powder functionality is expected to be closely linked to both structure and properties of the proteins. It is essential that whey protein powders are easily dispersed and dissolved in order to fulfil the specified nutrient content and the functionality in the final product. Poor rehydration can cause challenges on an industrial level as well as for the consumers. In this thesis, severWhey protein powder functionality is expected to be closely linked to both structure and properties of the proteins. It is essential that whey protein powders are easily dispersed and dissolved in order to fulfil the specified nutrient content and the functionality in the final product. Poor rehydration can cause challenges on an industrial level as well as for the consumers. In this thesis, sever

This thesis deals with older persons on the move and their access to cross-border healthcare in the European Union. The number of persons crossing borders within the EU has increased exponentially in recent decades. Free movement has been at the core of the European integration project from its early days. Although it was originally intended to apply only to those who were economically active, theThis thesis deals with older persons on the move and their access to cross-border healthcare in the European Union. The number of persons crossing borders within the EU has increased exponentially in recent decades. Free movement has been at the core of the European integration project from its early days. Although it was originally intended to apply only to those who were economically active, the

Drought and scarcity of water resources require innovative and sustainable solutions to secure water availability for poor people. Choice of solar energy for desalination is a promising and sustainable cost-effective alternative for improving high quality water supply. Today, almost all Latin American countries use different desalination technologies except for Bolivia. Bolivia has an arid to semi

We study the chemical evolution of Zr, La, Ce, and Eu in the Milky Way discs and bulge by means of chemical evolution models compared with spectroscopic data. We consider detailed chemical evolution models for the Galactic thick disc, thin disc, and bulge, which have been already tested to reproduce the observed [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] diagrams and metallicity distribution functions for the three dif

The 2014 Êzîdî Genocide caused a rupture in the social fabric of the Iraqi religious Êzîdî minority. A search for meaning in the aftermath of violence has caused a group of Şingalî poets to reconstruct memories of the past through their narration in Arabic prose poetry. A narrative analysis has been used on a selection of poems written and interviews conducted with five poets. I investigate their

Spending the winter in northern climes with short days and cold ambient temperatures (Ta) can be energetically challenging for small birds that have high metabolic and heat loss rates. Hence, maintaining body temperature (Tb) in Ta below thermoneutrality can be energetically costly for a small bird. We still know little about how increased heat production below thermoneutrality affects the level aSpending the winter in northern climes with short days and cold ambient temperatures (Ta) can be energetically challenging for small birds that have high metabolic and heat loss rates. Hence, maintaining body temperature (Tb) in Ta below thermoneutrality can be energetically costly for a small bird. We still know little about how increased heat production below thermoneutrality affects the level a

AbstractIn this study visual representations of the concept of pressure in five physics textbooks for lower secondary school have been analysed in terms of how they communicate the concept of pressure, and also how these representations work together to explain what pressure is. Examples of visual representations are fonts, photographs, sketches, tables or mathematic formulas. The analysis will an