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Forecasting snow and black ice growth from temperature and precipitation

Growth of ice and the type of ice that is formed have environmental impact on a lake. Although ice growth is reasonably well estimated by the degree-day method, this method does not allow to distinguish between different types of ice. In this paper, an algorithm or model is suggested for computing black and white ice growth and lake snowcover depth. Input is daily values of air temperature and pre

Islamic legal culture in Uzbekistan

There was a widespread euphoria in the 1990s that introducing Western-style legal institutions and traditions would play a pivotal role in promoting the rule of law and democratization in post-Soviet societies. Like other post-Soviet states, Uzbekistan has become a ‘laboratory’ for testing various global (Western) good governance and rule of law initiatives. As a result of these interventions, Uzb

Debt-Based Trade, Social Norms and Informality in Uzbekistan: Case Study of Rassiychilar in Rural Fergana

Debt-based trade and economic exchanges are becoming a more and more widespread phenomenon in the context of post-Soviet Central Asian societies. In the absence of viable state economic support, a functional banking system, and an effective legal system, trust-based economic exchanges serve as an alternative means for conducting micro-level businesses in Central Asia. The phenomenon of “rassiychil

An analytical approach for determining snowmelt induced runoff

Different approaches are made to simulate snowmelt induced runoff using physically based equations. It is shown that overland flow as well as subsurface flow to rivulets or gullies may produce large runoff fluctuations when the rain or melt flux to the snowcovered ground is intermittent or periodic. A literature review and theoretical considera- tions show that groundwater often makes the largest