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Strengthening the case for stimulus-specificity in artificial grammar learning: No evidence for abstract representations with extended exposure

Different theories have been proposed regarding the nature of the mental representations formed as a result of implicit learning of sequential regularities. Some theories postulate abstract surface-independent representations, while other theories postulate stimulus-specific representations. This article reports three experiments investigating the development of abstract representations in artific

Wenlock bentonites in Lithuania and correlation with bentonites from sections in Estonia, Sweden and Norway

Seven Wenlock bentonite beds from four drill cores in Lithuania with sufficient thickness for sampling were analysed by XRD and XRF. The sanidine composition of bentonites combined with graptolite biozonation of the host rock were used for correlations. Two of the studied bentonite samples at the antennularius/flexilis biozone boundary can be confidently correlated between two Lithuanian sections.

Identification of novel candidate protein biomarkers for the post-polio syndrome — Implications for diagnosis, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation

Survivors of poliomyelitis often develop increased or new symptoms decades after the acute infection, a condition known as post-polio syndrome (PPS). The condition affects 20-60% of previous polio patients, making it one of the most common causes of neurological deficits worldwide. The underlying pathogenesis is not fully understood and accurate diagnosis is not feasible. Herein we investigated wh

Driving to learn: a new concept for training children with profound cognitive disabilities in a powered wheelchair

Analysis of the case studies of two preschool children with profound cognitive disabilities indicates that training in a powered wheelchair can increase wakefulness and alertness, stimulate a limited use of the arms and hands, and promote the understanding of very simple cause-and-effect relationships. The enhanced activity level had a positive influence on the children's ability to react to exter

MRI scores of ankle joints in children with haemophilia--comparison with clinical data.

Summary. Fifty-six ankle joints in 38 haemophilic boys were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the findings were classified according to both the Denver- and the European scoring schemes. The different MRI scores were compared with each other and with clinical data on number of joint bleeds and the orthopaedic joint score. MRI changes that were more advanced than a small effusion

Greenhouse gas production in a pond sediment: Effects of temperature, nitrate, acetate and season

In this paper we investigate the impact of nitrate (NO3-) concentration and temperature on the production of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). We studied sediment collected during spring, summer and autumn from a constructed pond in South Sweden. Homogenised sediment samples were dark incubated in vitro under N-2 atmosphere at 13 degrees C and 20 degrees C after addition

Kinematic hardening in large strain plasticity

A finite strain hyper elasto-plastic constitutive model capable to describe non-linear kinematic hardening as well as nonlinear isotropic hardening is presented. In addition to the intermediate configuration and in order to model kinematic hardening, an additional configuration is introduced - the center configuration; both configurations are chosen to be isoclinic. The yield condition is formulat

Model sensitivity studies regarding the role of the retention coefficient for the scavenging and redistribution of highly soluble trace gases by deep convective cloud systems

The role of the retention coefficient (i.e. the fraction of a dissolved trace gas which is retained in hydrometeors during freezing) for the scavenging and redistribution of highly soluble trace gases by deep convective cloud systems is investigated using a modified version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results from cloud system resolving model runs ( in which deep convectio

A new age of old age? : gerotranscendence and the re-enchantment of aging

Gerotranscendence theory is reviewed regarding its content, development, diffusion, impact, empirical results, and ontology. Gerotranscendence theory describes a ''natural'' alteration of consciousness in old age leading to ''wisdom'' and a qualitative break with a mid-life rational and materialist world-view. According to the theory, gerotranscendence is obstructed by a lack of alternative values

Landmark-Based Software for Anatomical Measurements: A Precision Study

The aim of this study was to develop a software program, called Landmarker, which would aid studies of complex anatomical morphometry by simplifying the manual identification of landmarks in 3D images. We also tested its precision on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. To understand human biological variation, there is a need to identify morphological characteristics from the exterior

Neuronal differentiation following transplantation of expanded mouse neurosphere cultures derived from different embryonic forebrain regions.

In vitro, expanded neurospheres exhibit multipotent properties and can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In vivo, cells from neurospheres derived from mouse fetal forebrain have previously been reported to predominantly differentiate into glial cells, and not into neurons. Here we isolated stem/progenitor cells from E13.5 lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE), medial ganglio

A numerical study of the effects of stresses induced by moisture gradients in steel-to-timber dowel joints

This experimental study examines the influence of moisture variations on the load-bearing capacity of steel-timber dowel joints. The glulam specimens used to manufacture the joints were first exposed to controlled climate changes. After being stored in the climate chambers, holes were drilled and dowels were inserted. Then, the joints were loaded to failure. The main aim of this study was to inves

Transforming growth factor-beta- and Activin-Smad signaling pathways are activated at distinct maturation stages of the thymopoeisis

Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family play pivotal roles in the control of differentiation, proliferation and tolerance in peripheral T cells. Recently, they have been implicated in thymic selection, but their role is so far not well characterized. In the present study, we demonstrate that specific thymocyte populations are under the influence of either the TGF-beta and/or Ac

Decadal vegetation changes in a northern peatland, greenhouse gas fluxes and net radiative forcing

Thawing permafrost in the sub-Arctic has implications for the physical stability and biological dynamics of peatland ecosystems. This study provides an analysis of how permafrost thawing and subsequent vegetation changes in a sub-Arctic Swedish mire have changed the net exchange of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) and CH4 over the past three decades. Images of the mire (ca. 17 ha) and surrou

Expression of ETA and ETB receptor mRNA in human cerebral arteries

The vascular effects of endothelins (ET) are in mammals mediated via two receptor subtypes, endothelin A (ETA, mainly constrictive) and endothelin B (ETB, mainly dilating) receptors. We have examined the presence of ETA and ETB receptor mRNA using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in both normal human cerebral arteries and cerebral arteries from patients with cerebrovasc

Sphingomyelinase and ceramidase in the intestinal tract

Sphingomyelin (SM) has emerged as an important source of lipid messengers affecting cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. SM is present in mammalian cell membranes as a lipid constituent and also found as a component of dietary products such as milk, egg and meat. Digestion of SM has been found to have important implications in colon cancer development, gut maturation, and cholesterol