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In this forum, seven scholars discuss Oliver P. Richmond’s The Grand Design: The Evolution of the International Peace Architecture, published in 2022. The editors, Gëzim Visoka and Annika Björkdahl, contextualise the book’s contribution within the broader intellectual framework of Richmond’s thoughts and writings on peace in the context of International Relations. Roland Bleiker examines the book’

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article because Fig. 1 and its legend contained data that was published without the owner’s permission or the patient’s consent. Figure 1 has now been removed. Jesper Heldrup, Stefan Schwartz, Etienne Chatelut, Miriam Hwang do not agree to this retraction. Archie Bleyer did not state explicitly whether they agree ot this retraction. Brooke Bernhardt agrees to

Tumor hypoxia plays a critical role in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Here, we present a protocol for the self-generation of hypoxia by metastatic cancer cells using phosphorescence-based O2 sensing. We describe steps for phosphorescent film calibration, system assembly, and real-time imaging of hypoxia development. We then detail approaches to spatially map resulting O2 gradients.

Individual variation among and within natural populations can have eco-evolutionary implications by, for example, affecting species interactions or evolutionary potential. Urban systems present a unique opportunity to evaluate how environmental change shapes variation since urban phenotypic differentiation is widely documented on contemporary timescales. We introduce and test three hypotheses to d

In the post-World War II era, international lawyers have occupied the front seat in the study of international organisations (IOs). During the past decade, this disciplinary hierarchy has grown to feel increasingly unsatisfying. This chapter offers an anthropological take on the study of IOs building both on the past decade of anthropological work and my ethnography at the UN Human Rights Committe

Extremely preterm infants are at risk of immune-mediated complications such as infections and inflammatory conditions like bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotizing enterocolitis. Preterm infants are immunologically distinct from term infants at birth, but subsequently undergo adaptive postnatal changes resulting in immunological convergence during their first 3 months. Here, we performed a syste

Acoustofluidic particle manipulation has attracted considerable interest in biomedical applications due to its non-contact and label-free characteristics. However, existing computational models for predicting particle motion in acoustofluidic systems mainly focus on single-particle behavior, often neglecting particle–particle interactions and the impact of particle distribution on the acoustic and

It is well known that in interdisciplinary consciousness studies there are various competing hypotheses about the neural correlate(s) of consciousness (NCCs). Much contemporary work is dedicated to determining which of these hypotheses is right (or the weaker claim is to be preferred). The prevalent working assumption is that one of the competing hypotheses is correct, and the remaining hypotheses

For flying animals, including many birds, bats, and insects, the air is a crucial arena for a range of behaviors. Technological advances, such as year-round tracking of flight altitudes and expanded use of radar, increasingly show how flying animals use the aerial habitat. This enables us to answer questions about the environmental patterns and ecological processes that shape aerial niches, includ

Climate limits distribution of species and shows considerable regional variability. However, studies relating climate variation to species population growth rates in different climatic zones while accounting for species' ecological traits are scarce. We assessed species population responses to the main climatic constraints at a continental scale by studying how precipitation and temperature at dif

Physical activity lowers risk of cardiovascular disease and may also decrease arterial stiffness. We aimed to investigate whether arterial stiffness can explain part of the association between physical activity and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause death in men and women. We followed 2583 individuals from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (2007-2012) for occurrence

Fire safety and fire protection objectives require that buildings and parts of buildings do not collapse during a fire. This requires that the load-carrying capacity is maintained to a minimum acceptable level during a fire. This chapter briefly describes the historical background and state of the art of fire resistance and its determination for timber members through testing or calculations. The

Background: The accumulation of amyloid-β1−42 (Aβ1−42) peptides and phosphorylated-Tau181 (p-Tau181) tangles from the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has led to a biological definition of the disease. However, among Aβ1−42-positive individuals, cognitive decline onset varies, and some never develop symptoms. Genetic influences on molecular pathways and their interactions with protei

Plant-symbiotic Trichoderma fungi attack microorganisms by secreting antibiotic membrane-permeabilising peptaibols such as alamethicin. These peptaibols also permeabilise plant root epidermis plasma membranes (PMs), but mild pretreatment with Trichoderma cellulase activates a unique cellulase-induced resistance to alamethicin (CIRA), via an unknown mechanism. We identify two Arabidopsis genes that

Background: Ovarian cancer presents with non-specific symptoms that make early diagnosis challenging and the prognosis poor. Ovarian and endometrial cancers exhibit similar genomic mutations and biomarker profiles. Endogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are products of metabolic activity. In cancer, metabolites increase due to tumour necrosis, leading to cancer-specific VOC patterns. The aim

The preparation of perovskite solar cells from the liquid phase is a cornerstone of their immense potential. However, a clear relationship between the precursor ink and the formation of the resulting perovskite is missing. Established theories, such as heterogeneous nucleation and lead complex colloid formation, often prove unreliable, which has led to an overreliance on heuristics. Most high-perf

Plant defense responses are mediated by hormones such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). JA and SA are known to trigger a range of different defense responses in model plants but little is described in crops like quinoa. Here, we present the first molecular description of JA and SA signaling at the transcriptomic level in quinoa. The transcriptomes of quinoa cv. Kurmi seedlings treated