By identifying individuals with low peak bone mass (PBM) at young age, early targeted interventions to reduce future fracture risk could be possible. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is in many ways superior to the gold standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), as cortical and trabecular compartments as well as the volumetric density and bone structure can be examined sepa

Motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease are attributed to degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DNs). Heterozygosity for Engrailed-1 (En1), one of the key factors for programming and maintenance of DNs, results in a parkinsonian phenotype featuring progressive degeneration of DNs in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), decreased striatal dopamine levels and swellings of nigro-striatal axo

Wetlands fed by rivers can be a sink for elements depending on elemental concentrations, wetland hydrology, geochemistry, vegetation and climate. In the case of the Okavango Delta, northern Botswana, the outflow discharge is a small fraction (2–5%) of the inflow. This has strong potential consequences for the Delta, as it strongly affects element cycling and storage within the Delta. We estimated

Objectives: To identify factors associated with life satisfaction (LS) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), including a specific focus on those with late-stage PD. Material and methods: The study included 251 persons with PD (median age 70 years; PD duration 8 years). Analyses involved the total sample and a subsample with late-stage PD, that is Hoehn and Yahr stages IV and V (n=62). LS was as

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is difficult to diagnose accurately. The recently developed tau PET tracers may improve the diagnostic work-up of PSP. Methods: Regional tau accumulation was studied using 18F-AV-1451 PET in 11 patients with PSP and 11 age-matched healthy controls in the Swedish BioFinder study. Results: 18F-AV-1451 standard uptake volume ratios were significantly h

The Baltic Sea is the world's largest area suffering from eutrophication-driven hypoxia. Low oxygen levels are threatening its biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The main causes for eutrophication-driven hypoxia are high nutrient loadings and global warming. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) contribute to eutrophication as they are important sources of nitrogen to coastal areas. Here, we eva

III-V MOSFETs are candidates for extension of the scaling roadmap beyond 10 nm. In the vertical direction, the requirements on gate-length scaling is less stringent and vertical III-V nanowire FETs are thus attractive for high density and low-power applications. While growth in the vertical direction allows flexibility in heterostructure combination and eases the path for integration on Si substra

Two hydride compounds with aliphatic pincer ligands, (PCyP)IrH2 (PCyP = {cis-1,3-bis[(di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl]cyclohexane}- (1) and (PCyP)IrH4 (2), have been studied, with emphasis on features where such systems differ from arene-based analogues. Both compounds reveal relatively rapid exchange between α-C-H and Ir-H, which can occur via formation of carbene or through demetalation, with near

Novel treatment modalities are necessary for pancreatic cancer. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibition has shown effect in other solid tumors, and could have a place in pancreatic cancer treatment. Most available clinical studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors for pancreatic cancer are not yet completed and are still recruiting patients. Among the completed trials, there have been findin

There is increasing evidence that the permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) is partly regulated by a balance between the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and that of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been postulated that normal or moderately elevated NO levels protect the GFB from permeability increases, whereas ROS, through reducing the bioavailability of NO, have the op

Traditional farming landscapes in the temperate zone that have persisted for millennia can be exceptionally species-rich and are therefore key conservation targets. In contrast to Europe’s West, Eastern Europe harbours widespread traditional farming landscapes, but drastic socio-economic and political changes in the twentieth century are likely to have impacted these landscapes profoundly. We reco

HEIMDAL will be a multi length scale neutron scattering instrument for the study of structures covering almost nine orders of magnitude from 0.01 nm to 50 mm. The instrument is accepted for construction at the European Spallation Source (ESS) and features a variable resolution thermal neutron powder diffractometer (TNPD), combined with small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron imaging (NI)

The evidence for associations between area characteristics and entrepreneurship is fairly consistent in most studies. These studies, however, have disregarded the fact that the areas might be constructs that have no effect on the individual differences in entrepreneurship and, furthermore, have conflated entrepreneurship and sole proprietorship, disregarding the impact of area constructs on differ

We use a spiral phase plate to generate few-cycle optical vortices from an ultrafast titanium:sapphire oscillator and characterize them in the spatiotemporal domain with a recently introduced technique based on spatially resolved Fourier transform spectrometry. The performance of this simple approach to the generation of optical vortices is analysed from a wavelength-dependent perspective as well